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An EC motor, also known as a brushless DC motor, or BLDC motor or permanently excited synchronous motor (PSM), is an electric motor that uses permanent magnets and control electronics to convert the supply voltage into a suitable field of rotation. The windings of the stator are alternately supplied with voltage by the control electronics – the motor is thus electronically commutated (EC = electronically commuted). This creates a radially migrating magnetic field that drives the rotor. EC motors can be built in different versions as internal rotors or external rotors.
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The alternating current from the power grid is rectified in the control electronics (commutation electronics) and stored in an intermediate circuit. The windings arranged inside the stationary stator are then energised from this intermediate circuit.
The moving rotor, which is located parallel to the stator, contains permanent magnets with alternating positive and negative polarity. The windings are energised by the commutation electronics in such a way that a magnetic field of rotation is created, setting the rotor in motion. The windings are actuated depending on the rotor position, which is detected by means of integrated motor position sensors (Hall sensors) or can be calculated by software.
The rotor rotates due to the rejection of identical polarity and the simultaneous attraction of different polarities between the windings and the permanent magnets. The rotor thus rotates synchronously with the stator's moving field of rotation. The desired speed is regulated via the commutation electronics.
An EC motor essentially consists of:
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EC motors achieve higher efficiencies than other electric motors, such as AC motors, both under full and partial load.
Because they use permanent magnets, EC motors do not require additional magnetisation current. As a result, there are hardly any electrical heat losses. The winding arrangement can be specially adapted to a specific application. This means that the EC motor is always in the right power range for the end user. Thanks to the possibility of demand-based speed control, energy consumption is significantly reduced, especially in partial-load operation.
In summary, EC motors are superior to AC motors in terms of energy efficiency. Nevertheless, under certain conditions, it may still be sensible to use AC motors, e.g. if the application does not require special control. In addition, AC motors are a robust solution due to their simple design.
Due to the special performance characteristics and advantages of EC motors, frequent applications are, for example:
When control technology is extended with add-on modules, EC motors can be controlled, analysed and monitored via Bluetooth or various BUS systems in single or parallel mode, depending on the design. Integration into a cloud is also possible by connecting to a gateway. This results in higher operational safety through the quick detection of malfunctions, better operating comfort and ultimately more efficient operation of the system.
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