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An EC motor, also known as a brushless DC motor (BLDC motor) or permanent magnet synchronous motor (PSM), is an electric motor that uses permanent magnets and control electronics to convert the supply voltage into a suitable rotating field. The stator windings are alternately supplied with voltage by the control electronics, the motor is thus electronically commutated (EC). This creates a radially moving magnetic field that drives the rotor. EC motors can be built in various designs, either as Internal rotors or External rotors.
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In the control electronics (commutation electronics), the alternating current from the power grid is rectified and stored in an intermediate circuit. This intermediate circuit then supplies current to the windings arranged in the stationary stator.
The movable rotor (also called the "rotor"), arranged parallel to the stator, contains permanent magnets with alternating positive and negative polarity. The windings are energised by the commutation electronics in such a way that a rotating magnetic field is created, which sets the rotor in motion. The windings are controlled depending on the rotor position, which is detected by integrated motor position sensors (Hall sensors) or can be calculated by software.
The repulsion of identical polarity and the simultaneous attraction of opposite polarity between the windings and the permanent magnets creates the rotor's rotation. The rotor thus rotates synchronously with the stator's moving rotating field. The desired speed is controlled by the commutation electronics.
The structure of an EC motor essentially consists of
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EC motors achieve higher efficiencies than other electric motors, such as AC-Motors, both under full and partial load.
By using permanent magnets, EC motors require no additional magnetizing current. Consequently, there is hardly any heat loss. The winding arrangement can be tailored to a specific application. This ensures that the EC motor is always within the correct performance range for the end user. The ability to control the speed as needed further significantly reduces energy consumption, especially during partial load operation.
In summary, EC motors are superior to AC motors in terms of energy efficiency. Nevertheless, the use of AC motors can still make sense under certain conditions, for example, if the application does not require special control. Furthermore, AC motors are a robust solution due to their simple design.
Due to the special performance characteristics and advantages of EC motors, common areas of application include:
By expanding the control technology with add-on modules, EC motors can be controlled, analysed, and monitored via Bluetooth or various bus systems, depending on the model, in individual or parallel operation. Connecting to a gateway also enables cloud integration. This results in greater operational reliability through rapid detection of malfunctions, improved ease of use, and ultimately more efficient system operation.
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